Weighted graph coloring based softer pilot reuse for TDD massive MIMO systems

In the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the serious pilot contamination problem severely restricts its ability to boost the spectrum utilization. To tackle this problem, the conventional concept of softly reusing the spectrum resources for the inner regions of the neighboring cells has been extended to reuse the pilot resources so as to accommodate more users. Alternatively, properly selecting the users to reuse the pilots among the neighboring cells can alleviate the pilot contamination problem as well. In this paper, we delicately integrate these two concepts to properly reuse the pilots allocated to the outer regions of the cells. By well designing the hazard-and secure-edge regions to manage the pilot reuse, the increment of interference can be effectively suppressed; and, consequently, the more accommodated users can contribute to the remarkably higher sum data rates.