TY - JOUR
T1 - A Cloud Model Study of Internal Gravity Wave Breaking Atop a High Shear Supercell in Us High Plains
AU - Mohammad, S.
AU - Wang, P. K.
AU - Chou, Y. L.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the support of Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) grant MOST 109-2111-M-001-001 and MOST 110-2111-M-001-005, Higher Education Sprout Project, Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), and US NSF grant AGS-1633921.
Funding Information:
Salauddin Mohammad is thankful to MOST and Academia Sinica, for the support of post-doctoral research fellowship to carry out this work. He is also thanking Dr. K. Kishore Kumar, Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), for his valuable suggestions and discussions. Any opinions, findings and conclusions for recommendations given in this article are those of the authors and don’t necessarily reflect the viewpoints of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Abstract: Thunderstorms play an important role in the upward transport of momentum, energy, and trace chemical species from the surface to upper levels of the atmosphere, however, the mechanism of transporting trace species from the troposphere to the stratosphere is less understood. In this paper we analyzed the dynamics of gravity waves near the top of a simulated storm and showed that the breaking of internal gravity waves excited by the deep convection at the storm top level can transport trace species such as water substance across the tropopause. Very high intensity gravity waves are generated with significant amplitudes during the convective storm at the storm top level. Amplitudes decreased at breakdown region at z = ~12 km where critical layer is formed and regained its intensity after wave breaking. The vertical wavelengths also started decreasing at about 12 km where the breakdown region is observed. Lower Richardson number values confirms the generation of turbulence after breaking down of these waves with enhanced wind shear instabilities near upper tropopause regions. Wind speed matched well with the wave speed at critical levels when the breaking occurs. The signatures of transport of water vapor are clearly seen above tropopause and reach as high as ~15 km.
AB - Abstract: Thunderstorms play an important role in the upward transport of momentum, energy, and trace chemical species from the surface to upper levels of the atmosphere, however, the mechanism of transporting trace species from the troposphere to the stratosphere is less understood. In this paper we analyzed the dynamics of gravity waves near the top of a simulated storm and showed that the breaking of internal gravity waves excited by the deep convection at the storm top level can transport trace species such as water substance across the tropopause. Very high intensity gravity waves are generated with significant amplitudes during the convective storm at the storm top level. Amplitudes decreased at breakdown region at z = ~12 km where critical layer is formed and regained its intensity after wave breaking. The vertical wavelengths also started decreasing at about 12 km where the breakdown region is observed. Lower Richardson number values confirms the generation of turbulence after breaking down of these waves with enhanced wind shear instabilities near upper tropopause regions. Wind speed matched well with the wave speed at critical levels when the breaking occurs. The signatures of transport of water vapor are clearly seen above tropopause and reach as high as ~15 km.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135908033&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85135908033&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1134/S1990793122030198
DO - 10.1134/S1990793122030198
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85135908033
SN - 1990-7931
VL - 16
SP - 549
EP - 563
JO - Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF - Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B
IS - 3
ER -