A QUASIPARTICLE FRAMEWORK OF SCIENCE RESEARCHES

Combining phenomenological models [1], first-principles simulations [2] and experimental observations [3] can significantly advance progress in both basic [4] and applied sciences [5]. The relationships between them may vary in clarity, depending on charge-[6] and spin-based [7] interactions that determine essential properties [8, 9]. A comprehensive understanding of physical, chemical and material mechanisms can be achieved through these three approaches only when the intrinsic interactions are well characterized under normal orbital hybridizations [10] and spin configurations [11]. Current research indicates that graphene-related sp2-bonding systems are ideal for exploring unique quasiparticle phenomena, such as bulk Bernal [12] and rhombohedral [13] graphites, layered graphenes with AAA/ABA/ABC/AAB stackings (Figs. 2.1(a)-(d)) [14-17], coaxial carbon nanotubes/carbon nanotube bundles [18, 19], planar/curved/rolled/folded graphene nanoribbons [20-23] and carbon tori [24]. Their diverse quasiparticle properties, which include geometric [25], electronic [26], magnetic [27], optical [28], transport [29], Coulombexcitation [30] and mechanical properties [31, 32], can be examined through theoretical predictions [33, 34] and experimental examinations [4, 35], with consistent results….