摘要
In this study, without the use of any organic solvents, the performance of an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (EMIm-TFSI), is improved by linking some of the EMIm+ cations with an ether bridge (-O(CH2)2O-) to form C6O2(MIm)2 2+ dications in the IL. After replacing 5% of cations with dications, the resultant IL (EM-di5) exhibits a lowered freezing temperature and an amorphous ion arrangement. Spectroscopic analyses clarify that introducing dications reduces the interionic interaction in the IL. When carbon-based electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are assembled using the ILs, the EM-di5 EDLC exhibits lower ion transport resistance and a wider operation temperature range (60 to -20 °C) than does the EMIm-TFSI EDLC (60 to 0 °C). The EM-di5 EDLC presents high electrode capacitances of 200 and 160 F g-1 over a 3.5 V window at 25 and -20 °C, respectively, because the presence of dications facilitates ion penetration into the micropores. The EM-di5 EDLC delivers a specific energy of 70 W h kg-1 at a specific power of 1.3 kW kg-1 (on total carbon mass) at -20 °C. This study presents a molecular-architecture strategy to extend the applicability of ILs in EDLCs to low-temperature environments with improved capacitance.
原文 | English |
---|---|
頁(從 - 到) | 19160-19169 |
頁數 | 10 |
期刊 | Journal of Materials Chemistry A |
卷 | 4 |
發行號 | 48 |
DOIs | |
出版狀態 | Published - 2016 一月 1 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Chemistry(all)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Materials Science(all)