Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Between SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD and Its Receptor ACE2

Yen Chung Lai, Yu Wei Cheng, Chiao Hsuan Chao, Yu Ying Chang, Chi De Chen, Wei Jiun Tsai, Shuying Wang, Yee Shin Lin, Chih Peng Chang, Woei Jer Chuang, Li Yin Chen, Ying Ren Wang, Sui Yuan Chang, Wenya Huang, Jen Ren Wang, Chin Kai Tseng, Chun Kuang Lin, Yung Chun Chuang, Trai Ming Yeh

研究成果: Article同行評審

16 引文 斯高帕斯(Scopus)

摘要

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the human cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its receptor-binding domain in the S1 subunit of the spike protein (S1-RBD). The serum levels of autoantibodies against ACE2 are significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in controls and are associated with disease severity. However, the mechanisms through which these anti-ACE2 antibodies are induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection are unclear. In this study, we confirmed the increase in antibodies against ACE2 in patients with COVID-19 and found a positive correlation between the amounts of antibodies against ACE2 and S1-RBD. Moreover, antibody binding to ACE2 was significantly decreased in the sera of some COVID-19 patients after preadsorption of the sera with S1-RBD, which indicated that antibodies against S1-RBD can cross-react with ACE2. To confirm this possibility, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 127 and 150) which could bind to both S1-RBD and ACE2 were isolated from S1-RBD-immunized mice. Measurement of the binding affinities by Biacore showed these two mAbs bind to ACE2 much weaker than binding to S1-RBD. Epitope mapping using synthetic overlapping peptides and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) revealed that the amino acid residues P463, F464, E465, R466, D467 and E471 of S1-RBD are critical for the recognition by mAbs 127 and 150. In addition, Western blotting analysis showed that these mAbs could recognize ACE2 only in native but not denatured form, indicating the ACE2 epitopes recognized by these mAbs were conformation-dependent. The protein–protein interaction between ACE2 and the higher affinity mAb 127 was analyzed by HDX-MS and visualized by negative-stain transmission electron microscopy imaging combined with antigen-antibody docking. Together, our results suggest that ACE2-cross-reactive anti-S1-RBD antibodies can be induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection due to potential antigenic cross-reactivity between S1-RBD and its receptor ACE2.

原文English
文章編號868724
期刊Frontiers in Immunology
13
DOIs
出版狀態Published - 2022 5月 4

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • 免疫學和過敏
  • 免疫學

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