Cooperation regarding technology development in a closed-loop supply chain

Business & Economics

• Original Equipment Manufacturers 59%
• Closed-loop Supply Chain 58%
• Technology Development 48%
• Technology Licensing 19%
• Joint Ventures 13%
• R and D 10%
• Co-development 9%
• Quantity Competition 9%
• Firm Boundaries 9%
• Royalty 8%
• Licensing 8%
• Remanufacturing 7%
• Managers 6%
• Production Cost 6%
• Planning 5%
• Profit 3%
• Interaction 3%
• Performance 2%
• Costs 2%

Mathematics

• Closed-loop Supply Chain 100%
• Remanufacturing 12%
• Costs 10%
• Profit 8%
• Horizon 7%
• Planning 7%
• Model 7%
• Recovery 6%
• Choose 6%
• Performance 4%
• R&D 2%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Supply chains 49%
• Costs 8%
• Profitability 6%
• Managers 6%
• Recovery 4%
• Planning 4%