Design of photobioreactors for algal cultivation

Microalgal biomass is considered a promising energy feedstock with multifaceted applications in the production of sustainable biofuels, nutraceuticals, and health supplements. Commercial-scale cultivation of microalgae is an indispensable part of the biomass generation process and photobioreactors play a vital role in the efficient production of microalgal biomass in the most profitable way. This chapter presents comprehensive information on the characteristics of microalgae cultivation, as well as the key factors and challenges for the phototrophic process. The design principle of photobioreactor (PBR) for achieving a highly efficient cultivation is summarized, and the pros and cons of both the open and the closed photobioreactors are discussed. Current industrial-scale microalgal cultivation methods used in biofuel production companies are also presented. The objective of this chapter is to provide useful knowledge and updated information with regard to the design of PBR for microalgae cultivation with critical evaluations of those systems to facilitate the future development of microalgae industry.