TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploration of algal biorefinery frameworks
T2 - Optimization, quantification of environmental impacts and economics
AU - Viswanathan, Karthickeyan
AU - Huang, Jheng Ming
AU - Tsai, Tsung Han
AU - Chang, Jo Shu
AU - Wu, Wei
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan under grant 1073113E006009 , and National Cheng Kung University Grants- NCKU 90 and Beyond for Research Fellow with grant number HUB110-22T-3-028 .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - The integrated algal biorefinery (IABR) was considered as a feasible alternative to fossil fuels. After the processes of algae cultivation and pretreatment, the algae biomass with different carbohydrate/lipid contents is split into the carbohydrate process for producing fuel/chemicals and the oil process for producing fuel/energy. Four frameworks of IABR are presented: (i) Scenario 1 (SC1) is designed to produce lactic acid/biodiesel, (ii) Scenario 2 (SC2) is an extension of SC1 by increasing the production of biooil, (iii) Scenario 3 (SC3) is an extension of SC2 by adding the combined heat and power (CHP) process, and (iv) Scenario 4 (SC4) is an extension of SC3 by increasing the production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE). Through sensitivity analysis of environmental impacts and economics to assess the influences of parameters of four scenarios, it shows that (i) SC1 ensures the lower total eCO2 emission than other scenarios, (ii) SC3 with the low carbohydrate content and the low percentage of carbohydrate process could suppress eCO2 emission, (iii) SC3 with the high lipid content and the low percentage of carbohydrate process has the higher total profit than SC2 due to the extra green electricity from CHP for sale. To address an IABR with high economic potential and low environmental impact, the process optimization of SC4 under prescribed algae carbohydrate/lipid contents shows that (i) the total profit of SC4 is higher than SC3 by 81.8 % and (ii) the eCO2 emission of SC4 is lower than SC3 by 51.9 %.
AB - The integrated algal biorefinery (IABR) was considered as a feasible alternative to fossil fuels. After the processes of algae cultivation and pretreatment, the algae biomass with different carbohydrate/lipid contents is split into the carbohydrate process for producing fuel/chemicals and the oil process for producing fuel/energy. Four frameworks of IABR are presented: (i) Scenario 1 (SC1) is designed to produce lactic acid/biodiesel, (ii) Scenario 2 (SC2) is an extension of SC1 by increasing the production of biooil, (iii) Scenario 3 (SC3) is an extension of SC2 by adding the combined heat and power (CHP) process, and (iv) Scenario 4 (SC4) is an extension of SC3 by increasing the production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE). Through sensitivity analysis of environmental impacts and economics to assess the influences of parameters of four scenarios, it shows that (i) SC1 ensures the lower total eCO2 emission than other scenarios, (ii) SC3 with the low carbohydrate content and the low percentage of carbohydrate process could suppress eCO2 emission, (iii) SC3 with the high lipid content and the low percentage of carbohydrate process has the higher total profit than SC2 due to the extra green electricity from CHP for sale. To address an IABR with high economic potential and low environmental impact, the process optimization of SC4 under prescribed algae carbohydrate/lipid contents shows that (i) the total profit of SC4 is higher than SC3 by 81.8 % and (ii) the eCO2 emission of SC4 is lower than SC3 by 51.9 %.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102903
DO - 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102903
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85143320915
SN - 2211-9264
VL - 69
JO - Algal Research
JF - Algal Research
M1 - 102903
ER -