First principal observation documenting the three-dimensional uptake of cadmium and spatial distribution of cadmium hydroxyapatite mineral in bone char

Partha Pratim Biswas, Jagat Rathod, Ching Yu Chiang, Biqing Liang, Chun Chieh Wang, Yao Chang Lee, Yu Chun Chuang, Prakash C. Loni, Wei Hsin Chen, Shan Li Wang

研究成果: Article同行評審

5 引文 斯高帕斯(Scopus)

摘要

The 3-D matrix scale ion-exchange mechanism was explored for high-capacity cadmium (Cd) removal using bone chars (BC) chunks (1–2 mm) made at 500 °C (500BC) and 700 °C (700BC) in aqueous solutions. The Cd incorporation into the carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) mineral of BC was examined using a set of synchrotron-based techniques. The Cd removal from solution and incorporation into mineral lattice were higher in 500BC than 700BC, and the diffusion depth was modulated by the initial Cd concentration and charring temperature. A higher carbonate level of BC, more pre-leached Ca sites, and external phosphorus input enhanced Cd removal. The 500BC showed a higher CO32-/PO43- ratio and specific surface area (SSA) than the 700BC, providing more vacant sites by dissolution of Ca2+. In situ observations revealed the refilling of sub-micron pore space in the mineral matrix because of Cd incorporation.The X-ray nanodiffraction (XND) analyses revealed that Cd was mainly removed from water by incorporation into the mineral lattice of 500BC via ion exchange, rather than surface sorption and precipitation, and the mineral phase was transformed from hydroxyapatite (HAp) to cadmium hydroxyapatite (Cd-HAp). The Rietveld's refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data resolved up to 91% of the crystal displacement of Ca2+ by Cd2+. The specific phase and stoichiometry of the new Cd-HAp mineral was dependent on the level of ion exchange. This mechanistic study confirmed that 3-D ion exchange was the most important path for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution and immobilization in BC mineral matrix, and put forward a novel and sustainable remediation strategy for Cd removal in wastewater and soil clean-up.

原文English
文章編號139357
期刊Chemosphere
337
DOIs
出版狀態Published - 2023 10月

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • 環境工程
  • 環境化學
  • 一般化學
  • 污染
  • 公共衛生、環境和職業健康
  • 健康、毒理學和誘變

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