Flexible photovoltaics/fuel cell/wind turbine (PVFCWT) hybrid power system designs

Extensive studies have been performed in the past to integrate more than one 'green' energy source, e.g., solar, wind and hydrogen, for power generation. For actual operation in a realistic environment, such a hybrid process must be fully functional despite random fluctuations in energy supplies and power demands. A common option for accommodating the uncertain disturbances and their cumulative effects is to introduce battery into a properly structured system. However, by using an ad hoc approach, these schemes may be either overdesigned or inoperable. A generic mathematical programming model is thus adopted in the present study to compute a so-called temporal flexibility index for use as a performance measure. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of this assessment criterion, a large collection of photovoltaics/fuel cell/wind turbine (PVFCWT) systems were configured for a specific application and then compared accordingly so as to identify the best combination of energy supplies. A MATLAB/Simulink simulation program has also been developed in this work to validate these design decisions.