@article{493f0d7de8b84a22aa3d490ac9013ad9,
title = "Formation of gap states and enhanced current injection efficiency in organic light emitting diodes incorporated with subphthalocyanine",
abstract = "The improvement of current injection efficiency in organic light emitting diodes is demonstrated with incorporation of SubPc-doped NPB as hole injection layers. The photoemission spectra illustrate the presence of gap states and the occurrence of axial reaction on SubPc with NPB. Quantum chemistry calculation provides simulated valence-band spectra indicating that the formation of gap states is due to the HOMOs of new complexes created from the reaction of SubPc and NPB, which facilitate the hole injection at the anode interfaces.",
author = "Chen, \{Yu Hung\} and Chang, \{Yu Jen\} and Lee, \{Guan Ru\} and Chang, \{Jung Hung\} and Wu, \{I. Wen\} and Fang, \{Jheng Hao\} and Hsu, \{Shu Han\} and Liu, \{Shun Wei\} and Wu, \{Chih I.\} and Pi, \{Tun Wen\}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was partially supported by the National Science Council, Republic of China, under contract No. NSC95-2745-M-002-011. We are also grateful to Computer and Information Networking Center, National Taiwan University for the support of high-performance computing facilities. ",
year = "2010",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.orgel.2009.11.025",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "445--449",
journal = "Organic Electronics",
issn = "1566-1199",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "3",
}