TY - JOUR
T1 - Multistability and condensation of exciton-polaritons below threshold
AU - Lien, Jiun Yi
AU - Chen, Yueh Nan
AU - Ishida, Natsuko
AU - Chen, Hong Bin
AU - Hwang, Chi Chuan
AU - Nori, Franco
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American Physical Society.
PY - 2015/1/20
Y1 - 2015/1/20
N2 - Exciton-polaritons can condense to a macroscopic quantum state through a nonequilibrium process of pumping and decay. In recent experiments, polariton condensates are used to observe, for a short time, nonlinear Josephson phenomena by coupling two condensates. However, it is still not clear how these phenomena are affected by the pumping and decay at long times and how the coupling alters the polariton condensation. Here, we consider a polariton Josephson junction pumped on one side and study its dynamics within the mean-field theory. The Josephson current is found to give rise to multistability of the stationary states, which are sensitive to the initial conditions and incoherent noises. These states can be attributed to either the self-trapping effect or the parity-time (PT) symmetry of the system. These results can be used to explain the emission spectra and the π-phase locking observed in recent experiments. We further predict that the multistability can reduce to the self-trapped state if the PT symmetry is broken. Moreover, the polaritons can condense even below the threshold, exhibiting hysteresis.
AB - Exciton-polaritons can condense to a macroscopic quantum state through a nonequilibrium process of pumping and decay. In recent experiments, polariton condensates are used to observe, for a short time, nonlinear Josephson phenomena by coupling two condensates. However, it is still not clear how these phenomena are affected by the pumping and decay at long times and how the coupling alters the polariton condensation. Here, we consider a polariton Josephson junction pumped on one side and study its dynamics within the mean-field theory. The Josephson current is found to give rise to multistability of the stationary states, which are sensitive to the initial conditions and incoherent noises. These states can be attributed to either the self-trapping effect or the parity-time (PT) symmetry of the system. These results can be used to explain the emission spectra and the π-phase locking observed in recent experiments. We further predict that the multistability can reduce to the self-trapped state if the PT symmetry is broken. Moreover, the polaritons can condense even below the threshold, exhibiting hysteresis.
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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.024511
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.024511
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84921770072
SN - 1098-0121
VL - 91
JO - Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
JF - Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
IS - 2
M1 - 024511
ER -