TY - JOUR
T1 - Opportunities for nanomedicine in clostridioides difficile infection
AU - Wang, Pei Wen
AU - Lee, Wei Ting
AU - Wu, Ya Na
AU - Shieh, Dar Bin
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by the Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Featured Areas Research Center Program, Higher Education Sprout Project of the Taiwan Ministry of Education (MOE), and by grants from the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 108-2314-B-006 -009 -MY3).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Clostridioides difficile, a spore-forming bacterium, is a nosocomial infectious pathogen which can be found in animals as well. Although various antibiotics and disinfectants were developed, C. difficile infection (CDI) remains a serious health problem. C. difficile spores have complex structures and dormant characteristics that contribute to their resistance to harsh environments, successful transmission and recurrence. C. difficile spores can germinate quickly after being exposed to bile acid and co-germinant in a suitable environment. The vegetative cells produce endospores, and the mature spores are released from the hosts for dissemination of the pathogen. Therefore, concurrent elimination of C. difficile vegetative cells and inhibition of spore germination is essential for effective control of CDI. This review focused on the molecular pathogenesis of CDI and new trends in targeting both spores and vegetative cells of this pathogen, as well as the potential contribution of nanotechnologies for the effective management of CDI.
AB - Clostridioides difficile, a spore-forming bacterium, is a nosocomial infectious pathogen which can be found in animals as well. Although various antibiotics and disinfectants were developed, C. difficile infection (CDI) remains a serious health problem. C. difficile spores have complex structures and dormant characteristics that contribute to their resistance to harsh environments, successful transmission and recurrence. C. difficile spores can germinate quickly after being exposed to bile acid and co-germinant in a suitable environment. The vegetative cells produce endospores, and the mature spores are released from the hosts for dissemination of the pathogen. Therefore, concurrent elimination of C. difficile vegetative cells and inhibition of spore germination is essential for effective control of CDI. This review focused on the molecular pathogenesis of CDI and new trends in targeting both spores and vegetative cells of this pathogen, as well as the potential contribution of nanotechnologies for the effective management of CDI.
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U2 - 10.3390/antibiotics10080948
DO - 10.3390/antibiotics10080948
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85112153561
SN - 2079-6382
VL - 10
JO - Antibiotics
JF - Antibiotics
IS - 8
M1 - 948
ER -