@article{b7a14429e04c4bf8ba91ab7848e8c4dd,
title = "Orbitofrontal dysfunction during the reward process in adults with ADHD: An fMRI study",
abstract = "Objective: The present study aimed to detect differences in the reward response between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls (HCs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: The Iowa gambling task (IGT) was designed to explore participants{\textquoteright} reward-related decision-making in relation to selections during risky behaviors. Twenty adults with ADHD and 20 HCs were enrolled. fMRI with a modified IGT was performed. Results: The adults with ADHD showed a poorer performance in terms of avoidance during risky behaviors. The fMRI results indicated that the adults with ADHD had significantly lower orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activation. A positive correlation between performance in the IGT and brain activation in the OFC was detected. Conclusions: The results suggested that the adults with ADHD exhibited abnormal OFC responses during decision-making. Significance: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use fMRI to collect brain activation data while performing the IGT in adults with ADHD. Our findings suggest that deficits in reward processing in ADHD are still present during adulthood.",
author = "Yang, {Dong Yu} and Chi, {Mei Hung} and Chu, {Ching Lin} and Lin, {Chun Yu} and Hsu, {Shuo En} and Chen, {Kao Chin} and Lee, {I. Hui} and Chen, {Po See} and Yang, {Yen Kuang}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by the National Science Council, Taiwan ( NSC 102-2420-H-006-007-MY2 ), the Ministry of Science and Technology, R.O.C. ( MOST 104-2314-B-006-053-MY2 ), and National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan ( NCKUH-10104019, NCKUH-10508005, and NCKUH-10603020 ). The authors are indebted to Ms. Tsai Hua Chang and Dr. Shih Hsien Lin from National Cheng Kung University Hospital. We thank the Mind Research and Imaging Center at National Cheng Kung University for consultation and instrument availability. The Mind Research and Imaging Center is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Funding Information: This study was funded by the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 102-2420-H-006-007-MY2), the Ministry of Science and Technology, R.O.C. (MOST 104-2314-B-006-053-MY2), and National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan (NCKUH-10104019, NCKUH-10508005, and NCKUH-10603020). The authors are indebted to Ms. Tsai Hua Chang and Dr. Shih Hsien Lin from National Cheng Kung University Hospital. We thank the Mind Research and Imaging Center at National Cheng Kung University for consultation and instrument availability. The Mind Research and Imaging Center is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology",
year = "2019",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.022",
language = "English",
volume = "130",
pages = "627--633",
journal = "Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology - Electromyography and Motor Control",
issn = "1388-2457",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
number = "5",
}