TY - JOUR
T1 - Photochemical reactivity of aqueous fullerene clusters
T2 - C 60 versus C 70
AU - Hou, Wen Che
AU - Huang, Shih Hong
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under grant number 104-2628-E-006-001-MY2 is acknowledged. We thank Prof. Cary Chiou for his constructive comments on the manuscript and the assistance provided by Mr. Yi-Sheng Wang in analyzing the XPS data.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/1/15
Y1 - 2017/1/15
N2 - Over the past few years, there has been a strong interest in exploring the potential impact of fullerenes in the environment. Despite that both C 60 and C 70 have been detected in environmental matrices, the research on the impact of higher fullerenes, such as C 70, has been largely missing. This study evaluated and compared the phototransformation of aqueous C 60 and C 70 clusters (nC 60 and nC 70 ) and their 1 O 2 production under sunlight and lamp light irradiation (315 nm, 360 nm and 420 nm). The nC 60 and nC 70 samples formed by direct mixing with water adopted a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The apparent quantum yields (AQYs) of fullerene phototransformed were relatively constant over the examined wavelengths, while 1 O 2 production AQYs decreased with increased wavelengths. The long-term fate studies with outdoor sunlight indicated that both nC 60 and nC 70 lost considerable organic carbon contents (>80%) in water after ∼8 months of irradiation and that the intermediate photoproducts of nC 60 and nC 70 exhibited a progressively increased level of oxygen-containing functionalities. Overall, the study indicates that nC 70 can be photochemically removed under sunlight conditions and that the photoreactivity of nC 60 based on AQYs is greater than that of nC 70 .
AB - Over the past few years, there has been a strong interest in exploring the potential impact of fullerenes in the environment. Despite that both C 60 and C 70 have been detected in environmental matrices, the research on the impact of higher fullerenes, such as C 70, has been largely missing. This study evaluated and compared the phototransformation of aqueous C 60 and C 70 clusters (nC 60 and nC 70 ) and their 1 O 2 production under sunlight and lamp light irradiation (315 nm, 360 nm and 420 nm). The nC 60 and nC 70 samples formed by direct mixing with water adopted a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The apparent quantum yields (AQYs) of fullerene phototransformed were relatively constant over the examined wavelengths, while 1 O 2 production AQYs decreased with increased wavelengths. The long-term fate studies with outdoor sunlight indicated that both nC 60 and nC 70 lost considerable organic carbon contents (>80%) in water after ∼8 months of irradiation and that the intermediate photoproducts of nC 60 and nC 70 exhibited a progressively increased level of oxygen-containing functionalities. Overall, the study indicates that nC 70 can be photochemically removed under sunlight conditions and that the photoreactivity of nC 60 based on AQYs is greater than that of nC 70 .
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.050
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.050
M3 - Article
C2 - 27344404
AN - SCOPUS:84993944751
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 322
SP - 310
EP - 317
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
ER -