Photon-Induced Spintronic Polaron Channel Modulator of CeO_{2- x} NP Thin Films Hydrogen Evolution Cells

Water splitting cells are the green energy generation and storage devices for saving the energy risk. Hydrogen and oxygen gases are the most important source in fuel cells. Here, a photogalvanic spin battery is observed by generating spin-polarized charge currents without spin orbital coupling under the irradiation of the coherent circularly h−/−h− circular polarization light as the photogalvanic spin battery in water splitting cells. The polaron generated by the O vacancy and Ce ions at the CeO₂ nanoparticle surface corresponding to coherent h−/–h− angular momentum circular polarization light injection is utilized in spintronic electrons generation and a modulator. Polaron channel raises the charge mobility to 2.19 × 10¹⁵ m² (V s)⁻¹. The energy conversion efficiency of the polaron modulated spintronic electrons hydrogen evolution water splitting cell with optical spin injection is as high as 161% and the spin polarization is up to 75%. The polaron modulated spintronic electrons are successfully applied in water splitting and hydrogen evolution devices, serving as a photogalvanic spin small-polaron cell. The energy conversion efficiency and spintronics controlling systems of the water splitting are well controlled and can provide actual benefits in near future.