Physical Exercise Benefits Cognition: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

This review aims to elucidate the positive effects of exercise on cognitive function and explore the underlying mechanisms. Extensive evidence supports the assertion that exercise positively influences neuroplasticity, learning and memory, and mitigates cognitive decline. Nevertheless, comprehending the intricate factors influencing the efficacy of exercise in cognitive improvement remains challenging. Further investigations are imperative to determine the optimal personalized exercise regimen, including the frequency, intensity, type, dosage, and duration, as a non-pharmacological, safe, and cost-effective approach to maximize cognitive benefits. This pursuit holds significant promise for advancing our understanding of exercise as a practical intervention to promote cognitive well-being.