TY - JOUR
T1 - Pneumomediastinum in patients with AIDS
T2 - A case report and literature review
AU - Cheng, Wan Ling
AU - Ko, Wen Chien
AU - Lee, Nan Yao
AU - Chang, Chia Ming
AU - Lee, Ching Chi
AU - Li, Ming Chi
AU - Li, Chia Wen
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 101-2314-B-006-069). Conflict of interest: All authors report no conflicts.
PY - 2014/5
Y1 - 2014/5
N2 - Objective: Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. However, the relationship between the causative pathogens and the prognosis is unclear. We report the case of a patient with AIDS presenting with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by pneumomediastinum. The cases of a further 10 HIV-infected patients with pneumomediastinum reported in the English language literature are reviewed. Methods: PubMed was searched for cases of HIV-infected patients with pneumomediastinum published in the English language literature. Results: Pneumocystis jirovecii is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia and concurrent pneumomediastinum in HIV-infected patients. Only one of the identified cases was caused by cytomegalovirus. Excluding the two cases with incomplete information, the overall mortality rate in the remaining nine cases was 55.5%. Conclusion: In HIV-infected patients, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia can occasionally present as pneumomediastinum. In such cases, adequate appropriate antimicrobial therapy is needed due to the high mortality rate.
AB - Objective: Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. However, the relationship between the causative pathogens and the prognosis is unclear. We report the case of a patient with AIDS presenting with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by pneumomediastinum. The cases of a further 10 HIV-infected patients with pneumomediastinum reported in the English language literature are reviewed. Methods: PubMed was searched for cases of HIV-infected patients with pneumomediastinum published in the English language literature. Results: Pneumocystis jirovecii is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia and concurrent pneumomediastinum in HIV-infected patients. Only one of the identified cases was caused by cytomegalovirus. Excluding the two cases with incomplete information, the overall mortality rate in the remaining nine cases was 55.5%. Conclusion: In HIV-infected patients, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia can occasionally present as pneumomediastinum. In such cases, adequate appropriate antimicrobial therapy is needed due to the high mortality rate.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.009
DO - 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.009
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24589680
AN - SCOPUS:84897094008
SN - 1201-9712
VL - 22
SP - 31
EP - 34
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
ER -
