TY - JOUR
T1 - Production of a sustainable fuel from microalgae Chlorella minutissima grown in a 1500 L open raceway ponds
AU - Sharma, Amit Kumar
AU - Sharma, Abhishek
AU - Singh, Yashvir
AU - Chen, Wei Hsin
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors are very thankful to Dr. S J Chopra, (Chancellor, UPES), Dr. Sunil Rai (Vice-chancellor, UPES), Dr. D K Avasthi (Dean, R & D UPES), and Dr Bhawana Lamba (HOD chemistry UPES), for providing continued support and analysis facilities in UPES, Bidholi campus, Dehradun, UK, India. The authors are also very thankful to Dr Sunil Pabbi, Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue-Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012 for providing pure microalgae species. The authors are also thankful of CIC, UPES for GC analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Energy demand is increasing continuously due to the progress of industrialization, the vehicular population of the world, and modernization in lifestyle. In the present study, Chlorella minutissima microalgae were cultured in a 1500 L raceway open pond using commercial fertilizer under semi-continuous mode. About 19.98 wt % lipid was extracted by the soxhlet extraction method from this microalgae biomass. To optimize the input reaction parameters (temperature, lipid to methanol ratio, microwave power, and reaction time) for improving transesterification yield, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed. The output responses of the experiments were biodiesel yield along with density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, cold flow properties, and oxidation stability. To validate the model, confirmation trials were carried out. All the fuel properties were found to be satisfying ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standard specifications except for oxidation stability at 3.0 h. The oxidation stability was further improved by using appropriate antioxidants and improved up to 10.5 h with the addition of 1000 ppm propyl gallate.
AB - Energy demand is increasing continuously due to the progress of industrialization, the vehicular population of the world, and modernization in lifestyle. In the present study, Chlorella minutissima microalgae were cultured in a 1500 L raceway open pond using commercial fertilizer under semi-continuous mode. About 19.98 wt % lipid was extracted by the soxhlet extraction method from this microalgae biomass. To optimize the input reaction parameters (temperature, lipid to methanol ratio, microwave power, and reaction time) for improving transesterification yield, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed. The output responses of the experiments were biodiesel yield along with density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, cold flow properties, and oxidation stability. To validate the model, confirmation trials were carried out. All the fuel properties were found to be satisfying ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standard specifications except for oxidation stability at 3.0 h. The oxidation stability was further improved by using appropriate antioxidants and improved up to 10.5 h with the addition of 1000 ppm propyl gallate.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106073
DO - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106073
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85105896317
SN - 0961-9534
VL - 149
JO - Biomass and Bioenergy
JF - Biomass and Bioenergy
M1 - 106073
ER -
