TY - JOUR
T1 - Single-step catalytic deoxygenation of palm feedstocks for the production of sustainable bio-jet fuel
AU - Why, Elaine Siew Kuan
AU - Ong, Hwai Chyuan
AU - Lee, Hwei Voon
AU - Chen, Wei Hsin
AU - Asikin-Mijan, N.
AU - Varman, Mahendra
AU - Loh, Wen Jing
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge Sime Darby Plantation (Malaysia) for providing the feedstock throughout the research work. This project was also financially supported by the Universiti Malaya , Malaysia, RU faculty grant [ GPF021A-2019 ] and SATU Joint Research Scheme RU Grants [ ST026-2021 ]; and Ministry of Education, Malaysia, FRGS-MRSA [ MO014-2016 ].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/1/15
Y1 - 2022/1/15
N2 - The production of jet fuel from renewable source (i.e., biomass) has been improving since the past few years. In Malaysia, palm-based biomass is being widely studied for the production of transportation fuels due to its abundant supply. Hence, this study focused on the production of bio-jet fuel from different types of palm oil (e.g., palm-based waste cooking oil, palm olein, palm kernel oil) through deoxygenation process. Several types of deoxygenation catalysts (e.g., CaO, Zeolite, V2O5, Pd/C, TiO2) were selected to investigate the efficiency of jet fuel-based hydrocarbon production under condition of 400 °C for 2 h with different catalyst loading (e.g., 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt% and 10 wt%). The physico-chemical properties of yielded liquid fuel were tested by using GC-MS analyses, as well as density, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, pour point, smoke point, flash point and final boiling point. The deoxygenation of PKO over Pd/C at 8 wt% yielded the highest molar concentration of 96% liquid product (e.g., n-paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatic) and 73% of jet paraffins selectivity (C8–C16) under 400 °C for 2 h. In addition, the physicochemical properties of palm-based liquid fuel are complied with standard Jet A-1 fuel, in accordance to ASTM standards. The low temperature fluidity, combustion characteristics, and fuel volatility of this liquid product were comparable to Jet A-1 fuel.
AB - The production of jet fuel from renewable source (i.e., biomass) has been improving since the past few years. In Malaysia, palm-based biomass is being widely studied for the production of transportation fuels due to its abundant supply. Hence, this study focused on the production of bio-jet fuel from different types of palm oil (e.g., palm-based waste cooking oil, palm olein, palm kernel oil) through deoxygenation process. Several types of deoxygenation catalysts (e.g., CaO, Zeolite, V2O5, Pd/C, TiO2) were selected to investigate the efficiency of jet fuel-based hydrocarbon production under condition of 400 °C for 2 h with different catalyst loading (e.g., 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt% and 10 wt%). The physico-chemical properties of yielded liquid fuel were tested by using GC-MS analyses, as well as density, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, pour point, smoke point, flash point and final boiling point. The deoxygenation of PKO over Pd/C at 8 wt% yielded the highest molar concentration of 96% liquid product (e.g., n-paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatic) and 73% of jet paraffins selectivity (C8–C16) under 400 °C for 2 h. In addition, the physicochemical properties of palm-based liquid fuel are complied with standard Jet A-1 fuel, in accordance to ASTM standards. The low temperature fluidity, combustion characteristics, and fuel volatility of this liquid product were comparable to Jet A-1 fuel.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122017
DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122017
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85115746571
VL - 239
JO - Energy
JF - Energy
SN - 0360-5442
M1 - 122017
ER -