Techno-economic feasibility and sustainability of an integrated carbon capture and conversion process to synthetic natural gas

Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies are receiving increasing interest and its implementation at world scale appears to be crucial to reduce CO2 emissions. In this context, Power-to-Gas technologies (PtG) are very promising, allowing to store renewable electricity and valorize captured CO2 to produce Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG), among other. The present work simulates an integrated CO2 capture and conversion process to SNG, and investigates its techno-economic and environmental performances. Different scenarios are defined considering the application to a cement plant flue gas and the production of renewable hydrogen. An advanced CO2 capture unit is implemented, considering a configuration (Rich Vapor Compression and Inter Cooling) and a solvent (MDEA + PZ) allowing to minimize its specific energy consumption (35 % regeneration energy savings in comparison with a conventional amine-based CO2 capture system). The excess heat released by the catalytic conversion is recovered for the solvent regeneration maximizing the amount of captured CO2. From the scenarios analyses, it is shown that integrating the CO2 capture and conversion steps is beneficial for reducing both the net CO2 emission to the atmosphere, by 45 %, and the contribution to fossil depletion, by 81 %, in comparison with the non-integrated one, as the production of fossil-based natural gas is replaced by renewable SNG. The proposed process leads to a cost of 2.39 € per kg Raw-SNG, with expected revenues of 0.87 € per kg Raw-SNG. Significant subsidies and incentives would thus be needed to compete with conventional energy prices for natural gas (0.55 € per kg).