TXT-tool 2.886-1.1: Early warning criteria for debris flows and their application in Taiwan

As a result of the heavy rains that accompany typhoons, steep topography, young and weak geological formations, strong earthquakes, loose soils, and land development in mountainous terrain, many areas in Taiwan are susceptible to landslides and debris flows. For evacuation in case of emergency, it will be necessary to enhance public awareness of many debris-flow hazards and educate people on how to react to these hazards. A rainfall-based debris-flow warning model and system is needed for preventing or mitigating debris-flow hazards. A rainfall-based warning system for debris flows has been developed and applied by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (SWCB) in Taiwan. The rainfall-based warning model used to predict the occurrence potential of a debris flow and its applications in Taiwan are presented herein.