Understanding the acceptance of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services: Evidence from Taiwan

The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service enables electric vehicles (EVs) to discharge battery power to the utility grid for power system stabilization. This study proposes a V2G acceptance model by integrating the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) with two additional constructs: perceived risks of V2G technology and attitude toward V2G service. The model aims to understand individuals’ acceptance of V2G services in Taiwan, where the technology is still in the planning phase. Using 365 survey samples (250 EV users and 115 non-EV users) analysed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method, results show that attitude and price value positively affect V2G usage intention while perceived risks of V2G technology negatively do. Performance expectancy and effort expectancy of V2G services positively influence attitudes. However, the effects of both facilitating conditions of V2G services and social influence on V2G usage intention are found insignificant. Discussions and implications support pilot initiatives for performance evaluation and marketing development, especially for the government, electric bus operators, and aggregators.