Viscous Flow Fields Induced by the Run-Up of Periodic Waves on Vertical and Sloping Seawalls

Unsteady two-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with the (Formula presented.) turbulence model was developed to simulate the viscous flow field near seawalls. The complex free-surface configuration was captured using the particle level set method (PLSM). An innovative solid-fluid coupling method was employed to mimic the solid-fluid interaction on fixed Cartesian grids. The proposed numerical model was applied to investigate the viscous flow fields induced by periodic waves propagating on three different seawalls, including vertical and steep seawalls, which are commonly designed in Taiwan with slopes of 1:2 and 1:5. The results reveal that the wave run-up height is closely related to Iribarren number and breaking wave. Partial standing wave or asymmetric recirculating cells in front of a steep seawall lose symmetry with increasing slope. The wave pressure on the seawall face increases as the Ursell number or seawall slope increases. The undertow caused by breaking waves has a significant effect on the bottom shear stress in front of the seawall.